ইংরেজী গ্রামার: ৬ষ্ঠ হতে ৮ম শ্রেণি Degree এর সহজ ব্যবহার

Comparison of Adjective

 Degree: Adjective এর দোষ, গুন, অবস্থা ,ইত্যাদি বুঝাইতে Adjective এর যে রুপান্তর হয় তাকে  Comparison of Adjective বলে। Adjective এই দোষ ,গুনের অবস্থা কে  Degree  বলে।

Example: Mamata is a good girl, Mamata is better than Madhu, Mamata is the best girl in the class.

Degree of comparison: 

1. Positive Degree
2. Comparative Degree
3. Superlative Degree

1. Positive Degree:কোন প্রকার তুলনা না বুঝিয়ে কোন  Adjective যখন সাধারন দোষ,গুন, অবস্থা প্রকাশ করে তাকে Positive Degreeবলে।

1.  Mamata is a good girl.  2.  Hasan is brilliant student

• Comparative Degree: কোন Adjective যখন দুয়ের মধ্যে দোষ, গুন ,বা অবস্থার তারতম্য প্রকাশ করে তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।

1. Mamata is better than Madhu. 2. Rina is poorer than Runa.

• Superlative Degree: দুয়ের অধিক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে তুলনা করলে তাকে Adjective এর  Superlative Degree  বলে।

1.Mamata is the best girl in the class. 2. Rina is the poorest girl in the class.  

শ্রেণি ভিত্তিক পাঠ দেখতে আমাদের পেজের শ্রেণিপাঠ সাইট ভিজিট করতে পারেন।

Rule:1)  সাধারণত এক syllable বিশিষ্ট Adjective এর শেষে “er”যোগ করে Comparative এবং “est: যোগ করে Superlative Degree গঠন করা হয়।

Positive Deg:	Comparative	Superlative	Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative
Black	Blacker	Blackest	Cold	Colder	Coldest
Bold	Bolder	Boldest	Deep	Deeper	Deepest

Rule:2) Adjective এর শেষে “e” থাকলে শুধু “r” যোগ করে Comparative এবং”st” যোগ করে Superlative Degree গঠন করা হয়।

Positive Deg:	Comparative	Superlative	Positive Deg:	Comparative	Superlative
Able	Abler	Ablest	Brave	Braver	Bravest
Blue	Bluer	Bluest	Fine	Finer	Finest

Rule:3) Adjective টির শেষে একটি মাত্র Consonant এবং তার পূর্বে একটি মাত্র Vowel থাকলে Comparative অ Suparalative করার সময় Consonant  টির দ্বিত্ব ( double) হয় এবং শেষে যথাক্রমে “er” এবং “est”  যোগ করেতে হয়।

Positive Deg:	Comparative	Superlative	Positive Deg:	Comparative	Superlative
Big	Bigger	Biggest	Hot	Hotter	Hottest
Fat	Fatter	Fattest	Thin	Thinner	Thinnest

          [ ব্যাতিক্রমঃPositive টির শেষে যদি দুটি Consonant থাকে বা একটি Consonant পূর্বে দুটি Vowel থাকে, তবে  Consonantটির দিত্ব হবে না ]

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Cool	Cooler	Coolest	Thick	Thicker	Thickest

Rule 4) Adjective টির শেষে যদি Y থাকে এবংY  পূর্বে  Consonantথাকে ,তাহলে Y  এর স্থলে ”i”  হয় এবং শেষে “er” ও “est”  যোগ করে যথাক্রমে Comparative ও Superlative গঠন করা হয়।  

Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative	Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative
Busy	Busier	Busiest	Happy	Happier	Happiest
Easy	Easier	Easiest	Holy	Holier	Holiest

[ব্যাতিক্রমঃ  কিন্তু Yএর পূর্বে Vowel থাকলে Yএর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না। সে ক্ষত্রে er ও est যোগ করে  Comparative ও Superlative গটন করা হয়]  

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Gay	Gayer	Gayest	Grey	Greyer	Greyest

Rule 5)  Irregular Comparison:কতগুলো Adjective আছে যাদের  Comparative ও Superlative  গঠনের কোন বাঁধাধরা নিয়ম নাই এদেরকে Irregular Comparison  Degree বলে ।

Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative	Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative
Bad ,ill, Evil	Worse	Worst	Many	More	Most
Good,Well	Better	Best	Much	More	Most

Rule 6) নিচের Adverb  গুলো তুলনা করা হলে Adjective রুপে বসে/

Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative	Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative
Fore	Former	Foremost	Out	outer	Utmost
In	Inner	Inmost	Up	Upper	Upmost

Rule 7) Latin Comparatives:  যে সব Adjective  ল্যাটিন ভাষা থেকে এসেছে, সেগুলোকে Latin Comparatives বলে।  

   Example:  Interior, Inferior ,Junior, Major, Minor, Posterior Prior ,Senior, Superior, Ulterior,

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Interior, Major, Minor, Ulterior,  Exterior.	No	No	no	Inferior ,Junior, Posterior, Prior ,Senior, Superior,	no

Rule: 8) দুই Syllable বিশিষ্ট অধিকাংশ Adjective এবং দুয়ের অধিক Syllableবিশিষ্ট সকল  Adjective –এর পূর্বে উৎকর্ষ বুঝাইতে More ও Most এবং অপকর্ষ বুঝাইতে Less ওLeast বসিয়ে Comparative ও Superlative Degree গটন করা হয়।

Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative	Positive Deg	Comparative	Superlative
Active	More Active Less Active	Most Active least Active	Important	More Important Less Important	Most  Important least  Important
Beautiful	More Beautiful Less Beautiful	Most Beautiful least  Beautiful	Industrious	More Industrious Less Industrious	Most Industrious least  Industrious
Careful	More Careful Less Careful	Most Careful least Careful	Intelligent	More Intelligent Less Intelligent	Most  Intelligent least  Intelligent
Dutiful	More Dutiful Less Dutiful	Most  Dutiful least  Dutiful	Interesting	More Interesting Less Interesting	Most  Interesting least  Interesting
Honest	More Honest Less Honest	Most  Honest least  Honest

Example:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Near	Nearer	Nearest	Poor	Poorer	Poorest
Old	Older	Oldest	Rich	Richer	Richest
Old	Elder	Eldest	Short	Shorter	Shortest
Bright	Brighter	Brightest	Soft	Softer	Softest
Clever	Cleverer	Cleverest	Small	Smaller	Smallest
Cold	Colder	Coldest	Strong	Stronger	Strongest
Deep	Deeper	Deepest	Sweet	Sweeter	Sweetest
Few	Fewer	Fewest	Tall	Taller	Tallest
Great	Greater	Greatest	Thick	Thicker	Thickest
Hard	Harder	Hardest	Weak	Weaker	Weakest
High	Higher	Highest	Fine	Finer	Finest
Light	Lighter	Lightest	Gentle	Gentler	Gentlest
Long	Longer	Longest	Nice	Nicer	Nicest
Low	Lower	Lowest	Pale	Paler	Palest
White	Whiter	Whitest	True	Truer	Truest
Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Wide	Wider	Widest	Pretty	Prettier	Prettiest
Fat	Fatter	Fattest	Sly	Slier	Sliest
Hot	Hotter	Hottest	Wealthy	Wealthier	Wealthiest
Fit	Fitter	Fittest	Lovely	Lovelier	Loveliest
Mad	Madder	Maddest	Hind	Hinder	Hindmost
Red	Redder	Reddest	Late	Later	Latest
Sad	Sadder	Saddest	Late	Latter	Last
Thin	Thinner	Thinnest	Little	Less	Least
Dry	Drier	Driest	Many	More	Most
Easy	Easier	Easiest	Much	More	Most
Happy	Happier	Happiest	Large	Lager	Largest
Heavy	Heavier	Heaviest	Sweetly	More Sweetly	Most sweetly
Holy	Holier	Holiest	Ugly	Uglier	Ugliest
Merry	Merrier	Merriest	Dull	Duller	Dullest
Mighty	Mightier	Mightiest	Funny	Funnier	Fenniest
Low	Lower	Lowest	Close	Closer	Closest
Clean	Cleaner	Cleanest	Wise	Wiser	Wisest
Lazy	Lazier	Laziest	Sharp	Sharper	Sharpest
Precious	More Precious	Most Precious	Popular	More Popular	Most Popular
Young	Younger	Youngest	Noisy	Noisier	Noisiest

Rule:1)  Subject + verb+ Comparative Form+ than + 2^nd part of comparison.

                         Example: Shafiq is taller than Selim.

Rule:2)  Sub+ Verb+ Comparative form+ than +all other + 2^nd part of Comparison(plural).

               Sub+ Verb+ Comparative form+ than +any other + 2^nd part of Comparison (Singular).

                         Example: Nazrul is greater than all other Bengali poets.

                                   Nazrul is greater than any other Bengali poet.

Rule:3)  Subject + verb +the +  Comparative Form+ of + Extension.

                     Example: He is the better of the two boys. 

Rule:4)  Subject + verb +the +  Superlative Form+ of/in + Extension.

                   Example: Traeq is the most Brilliant student in the class.

                                     Tanim is the tallest of all boys.

Rule:5)  Subject + verb +  comparative Form+ than+ Pronoun (I,we, You ,he ,she, they ,it)

                 Example: He is busier than I.  Aleya is prettier than she.

                                     We are happier than they.

Rule:6)  Affirmative Sentence: Subject + verb +as+  positive Form +as+ ext:

      Negative Sentence: Subject + verb +as/so+  positive Form +as+ ext:

                  Example: Shain is as wise as Tapan.

Rule:7)  The + Comparative degree+ The + Comparative degree

                    Example: The sooner , the better.

Rule:8)  Subject + verb + Comparative degree+ and + Comparative degree

                  Example: He is getting thinner and thinner.

Fill in the blank with the right form of degree given in the brackets.

	Question  And Answer
1	Dhaka is the—–(big/bigger/biggest) city in Bangladesh.   Ans:
2	The Padma is —(large/larger/largest) than any other river in Bangladesh.     Ans:
3	Iron is  not as —(precious/ More precious/ /most precious)as gold.   Ans:
4	Rani is the —(pretty/prettier/prettiest) girl in the class.   Ans:
5	January is the —(cold/colder/coldest) month in Bangladesh.   Ans:
6	A bus runs—(fast/faster /fastest) than a rickshaw.   Ans:
7	He is the — (noble/nobler/noblest) man that I have ever seen.   Ans:
8	Rani is one of the — (good/better/best) student in the class.   Ans:
9	I am — (happy / happier/happiest) than you.   Ans:
10	An elephant is – (large/larger/largest) than all other animals.   Ans:
11	Very few people are as— (happy/ happier/happiest) as he.   Ans:
12	He is not –(gentle/gentler /gentlest) than you.   Ans:
13	The Meghna is –( Deep/Deeper/Deepest) than any other river in Bangladesh.   Ans:
14	Dishonour –(preferable/more preferable / most preferable) than death.   Ans:
15	I do not know any person as—(bad worse/worst) as he.   Ans:
16	Everyone should love his country—- (much/more/most) than any other thing.   Ans:
17	The cuckoo sings — (sweetly/ more sweetly /most sweetly ) than all other birds.   Ans:
18	The crow is the — (ugly/ uglier/ugliest) of all birds.   Ans:
19	He is — (brave/ more brave /most brave) than age.   Ans:
20	Nipu is not as — (dull/duller/dullest) as you think.   Ans:

Sonjit Kumar Paul

Assistant Teacher